Onkelos (Aquila)
Onkelos was a Roman convert, from an elite Roman family perhaps related to Hadrian or Titus, to Judaism. Through ruach HaKodesh according to the Talmud he composed his Aramaic translation of the Tanakh. Rambam praised this Aramaic version because it shuns corporeality or anthropomorphisms in favor of Hashem's incorporealty (ayn lo demut ha-guf veino Guf). In Talmud tractate Avodah Zarah a story is told that batalians were sent by Rome to bring Onkelos back from his slippage into being a Jewish scholar. Yet the battalions 3x also upon talking with Onkelos chose to learn from and about Judaism. In Talmudic Tractate Gittin 56b-57a dialogue between Onkelos and Titus and Jesus are depicted over. Onkelos was known to be extremely learned and scrupulous in observing Jewish law. For example Onkelos only ate foods (al taharat ha-kodesh) that a Kohen might eat. Onkelos and his Aramaic Targum of Onkelos is mentioned also in Sefer ha-zohar, the Shulchan Arukh, by the Taz on the Shulchan Arukh, the Hatam Sofer (YD 249)..In antiquity a meturgim (see 10 martyrs Hutzpit hameturgiman) would echo in Aramaic the targum after verses from the Torah were chanted in the Synagogue, because Aramaic was the language the people understood best. In Zohar Lech Likhah it is said the angels shun Aramaic and only speak in Hebrew. Recently Rabbi Tuval Wein has written a commentary Yayin ha-tov al hatargumim. The Klausenberger Rebbe, Rabbi Noson Adler also wrote Targum al ha-torah in Divrei Yediv. Rabbi Chaim Heller (cited by DBL ff #6 in AJL Proceeding 2007) in Al HaTargumim HaYerushalmi Li-Torah (on the Palestinian Targum to the Humash; a reprint from Hebrew weekly Haibri, NY 1921) looks at word choice differences in passages such as Gen. 13:6 (ram vs. morah), Ex. 16:33 (tak a jar vs. take a gold jar), Gen. 18:17 (shall I hide from Abraham vs. Shall I hide from Abraham my Servant (Servant added also in Septuagint and Peshitta).